Showing posts with label week 3. Show all posts
Showing posts with label week 3. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 1, 2017

Week 3 Storytelling: Envy's Lament


Beauty, you know—it has a way of cultivating resentment. This girl, Psyche, she never had a chance.

“My friend,” I chided Fortuna when she bestowed the girl’s beauty upon her, “You were kinder to her sisters. This gift will only bring her pain.”

And I was right—I knew it the day Venus’ screams of anger echoed off the sheer sea cliffs. She needed not invoke me. My plan had been long due, long coming, and I had spent many days and nights planning Psyche’s sad fate.

I had stood many times in that throng of onlookers who had flocked to the city of Abyme to see its princess. Foolishly, they prayed to the princess as though she were the incarnation of Venus herself. I tsked—while Fortuna had foolishly blessed this girl with such beauty, Psyche knew nothing of the love that was Venus’ domain. She didn’t understand love’s fury, nor its power. Rumor had told of a girl whose beauty was cosmic, but my divine sight saw a girl with melancholy eyes, a mouth tightened with worry, and hair pulled thin by her own slender fingers in fits of anxiety.

If her beauty had been born from the sea, like Venus’, it was this sea, this ocean of people who carried her tale back with them to Paphos, Cnidos, and Cythera.

As Venus’ rage grew, so did Psyche’s despair. I was always near: a maid in passing by her doorway, a flickering candle on the edge of her bath, a songbird silent on her windowsill. Sorrow haunted her. She knew loneliness familiar only to those who were idolized, who were pushed far out onto a pedestal for worship.

Still, Venus’ indignation knew no limits. I watched her as she stood over Psyche’s bed one night and said, shaking with rage: “Behold me, the primal mother of all that is, the source of the elements, the whole world’s bountiful love and beauty—me, driven to divide my godly rights with a lowly human! Is my name, established in heaven, to be maligned by earthly pollution? Am I to suffer the whims of displaced admiration, a share in the worship of my divinity, instead of the whole? Is a mortal girl permitted to tread the earth in my likeness? Does it mean nothing that Paris chose me as the most fair and beautiful of all goddesses, when she walks the earth?” She cried out in blind anger, lashing out, and sent a nearby oil lamp to the floor. Psyche did not wake, but shifted, still wrapped in the folds of Night’s soft robes.

Venus’ anger was honest, and so was her heartbreak. Sympathetic, I spoke quietly: “She doesn’t mean to do you any harm. If anything, her beauty has kept her from knowing you and your gifts. She takes no pleasure in how the other humans treat her.”

“How dare you side with her?” Venus retorted. “You, the bringer of retribution against those who flaunt undeserved gifts of good fortune?”

“These things aren’t always accomplished with the kind of righteous anger you’re familiar with,” I said. “Love will not conquer this girl—loneliness will.”

This would be, in fact, the culmination of my plan for Psyche, the price she would have to pay. My job was to make her suffer all those years. Sympathetic though I was, it was my job to make sure Fortuna’s gift did not go unchecked. For every floral wreath thrown upon her head, I made sure another tear slipped down her cheek.

But Venus persisted. The only way she could see to solve this problem was through her own power. Make the girl suffer; make her fall in love with a wretched man. She knew what she wanted, and it was for the princess to suffer on her terms, not mine.

She disappeared, her final words echoing around Psyche’s bedchamber: “I’ll soon make her regret that illicit beauty of hers.”

And yet, when I next met Fortuna, walking through the streets of Abyme with Psyche’s strange wedding-funeral procession, she was smiling.

“Whatever you’re about to do,” I told her, “don’t. Whatever divine gifts you give her, I’ll have no choice but to make her suffer for them.”

Fortuna put her hands on my shoulders, smiling radiantly. “You, Envy, are among the most hardworking goddesses I know. You have meticulous plans for every mortal—I think, sometimes, you suffer more than they do for the sake of your job. We gods demand so much from you.” She squeezed my arms as people moved around us like water around two pebbles. “But I, too, have a plan. Psyche will endure many hardships at your hands; indeed, my gifts never were for those who could not undergo such trials. Our powers work in tandem, Envy. Psyche will find a balance between your torments and my gifts, as those who suffer often can grow to find goodness in small things and lessons in their many tragedies.”

As I sensed Cupid’s approach, I sighed. “I hope you’re right.”

 
Author's notes:
Some notes are in this post. To make this story different from the last one, I decided not to break it into short scenes, and instead write it more as a monologue. This one also, unlike the last one, follows the story more faithfully. In the original, Envy is only mentioned a few times, and never appears or interacts with any of the main characters. Envy is a goddess of retribution for undeserved gifts, and someone who maintains equilibrium via punishment. She was often associated with Fortuna, who was usually the one who bestowed those extravagant and undeserved gifts.

To summarize the original story, Psyche is a ridiculously beautiful girl who people begin to worship as if she were an incarnation of Venus herself. Venus gets mad and sends Cupid to punish her by making her fall in love with someone wretched and monstrous. So naturally, Cupid ends up marrying her. He takes her to his palace, but refuses to show her what he really looks like, so she has no idea she's married to Cupid himself. She's happy for awhile, until her sisters visit her and convince her to try and sneak a peek at her husband's true face. Psyche can't resist and does just that, using a lantern to look at him while he's sleeping next to her one night. Cupid feels betrayed and flies away, leaving her sorrowful and guilty. When she goes looking for him, Venus finds her and demands she undergo several deadly trials to prove herself worthy. Eventually, with the help of talking animals, reeds, and other Disneyesque things, she nearly completes the last trial, which is to deliver a box filled with divine beauty from Persephone to Venus. Of course, she gets curious and opens the box, and deep sleep overtakes her. Cupid, who can't stand not being with his lady love anymore, finds her, wakes her up with a kiss, and then goes to Jupiter to get his mother off his back. Jupiter grants Psyche immortality, and she and Cupid live forever in bliss.

TL;DR: Psyche is a Disney princess.

Source: Cupid and Psyche from Apuleius' Golden Ass, translated by Tony Kline: Web source


More sources: Envy (Theoi), Fortuna (Theoi)

Image: Arrows, taken by TheDigitalWay. Web source.

Tuesday, January 31, 2017

Reading Notes: Cupid and Psyche, Part B


Venus, especially in this second half of Cupid and Psyche, is presented as a brutal and powerful villain despite being a deity of love and beauty. She’s so in command of her domain that the sea itself parts when she demands it, but also sweet-natured enough that the sky opens up and accepts her into Olympus when she chooses to go there.

If this story is an allegory, as refashioned by Martianus Capella in the 5th century, where does Venus stand as an analogue for love? In this form, Psyche stands in for the human soul, while Cupid represents sexual love. The story, then, is a tragedy: “In the version of Martianus, sexual love draws Psyche into the material world that is subject to death: Cupid takes Psyche from Virtue and shackles her in adamantine chains.” If this is true, does it mean romantic love is opposed to sexual love?

Or, if the story’s metaphor is more innocent, and Cupid’s love for Psyche isn’t corrupt/doesn’t lead to death, then what does Venus’ role in the story represent? Love’s jealous fury at being snubbed in favor of Psyche’s incredible beauty? Venus is the cause Psyche’s problems in the second half of the story—are Venus’ romantic love and Cupid’s sexual love incompatible?

There is more information in this section about Venus’ three handmaidens: Familiarity, Anxiety, and Sorrow, as well:

Familiarity could be the spirit Amicitia (Greek: Philotes), a spirit of friendship, affection, and sexual intercourse.

Anxiety, I couldn’t find any information for. There are minor spirits of anxiety called Sollicitatio (vexation), Metus (dread, fear, terror), and Pavor (panic and fear). The latter two are sons of Venus.

Sorrow, I couldn’t find specific information for, but she was probably one of the Dolores (Greek: Algea), spirits of pain, suffering, sorrow, and distress. There was also a slightly more important goddess, Miseria (Greek: Oizys), spirit of misery, distress, and suffering.

Source: Cupid and Psyche from Apuleius' Golden Ass, translated by Tony Kline. Web source.


Image: Venus by Antonio Canova. Web source.

Monday, January 30, 2017

Reading Notes: Cupid and Psyche, Part A

One of Cupid and Psyche's bigger draws is its cast of colorful, emotionally diverse characters. The story would change drastically if changed to first person, or a closer third person, and there is no shortage of views to write from:
  • What's going on with Venus? How is her rage against an innocent girl justified in her mind?
  • Why does Cupid choose to hide his identity, and how does he, as an agent of Love, react to being pricked by one of his own arrows?
  • Does Psyche believe she's a goddess incarnate the way everyone else does? There's one passage that sheds light on this, but being put on a pedestal doesn't seem to massively impact her personality the way I think, realistically, it would:
"Psyche, for all her conspicuous beauty, reaped no profit from her charms. Gazed at by all, praised by all, no one, neither prince nor commoner, wishing to marry her, sought her hand. They admired her divine beauty of course, but as we admire a perfectly finished statue... Psyche was left at home, a virgin, single, weeping in lonely solitude, ill in body and sore at heart, hating that beauty of form the world found so pleasing."

I would contend, though, that one of the biggest influences in the story is someone mentioned only three times so far. Says Psyche: "Too late you see the blow that falls is dealt by wicked Envy. When nations and countries granted me divine honours, when with one voice they named me as the new Venus, that’s when you should have mourned, and wept, and grieved as if I were dead. I know now, I realise that her name alone destroys me."

Envy, known also as Invidia, Rivalitas, or in Greek as Nemesis, is the goddess who represents retribution against and resentment caused by "those who committed crimes with apparent impunity, or who had inordinate good fortune," according to Theoi. Envy's place in this story, then, is thematically huge. Psyche's beauty represents a breakage of equilibrium--mortals worshiping a mortal instead of the gods. In this sense, what happens to Psyche is very much representative of Envy's cosmic punishments. She also appears later after having figuratively (or literally?) bitten Psyche's sisters, who are jealous of her new home and husband.

So, I argue that the most interesting and appropriate character's point of view to see from this story is also the most neglected one.

Other minor spirits of envy:
Zelos, also called Invidia in Roman; god of zeal and rivalry; sibling of Nike, Bia, and Kratos
Phthonus, Zelus in Roman; god of jealous passion and love, and counterpart of Nemesis

Source: Cupid and Psyche from Apuleius' Golden Ass, translated by Tony Kline. Web source.

Image: Nemesis and Dike, painted by Pierre Paul Prud'hon. Web source.