Tuesday, April 25, 2017

Reading Notes: Anderson's Fairy Tales, Part A

Some of these stories I'm very familiar with; some, I haven't heard or thought about since I was younger; some, I hadn't read at all. They were all charming in different ways, so I'm interested in examining all of them, including the less popular ones. This post will focus on pitching rewrite ideas for each story and playing with genre. I'm a fan of fantasy and sci-fi, and I miss writing it, so most of these ideas will have elements of those genres.

The Princess and the Pea
I'm surprised at how short this story is. It could use more exposition and detail. The most major part of the story to be preserved would be how the princess inadvertently proves her identity as a result of her delicate senses. So, maybe with a rewrite in an urban fantasy setting, the princess (or prince) could be of questionable species. Maybe she must be invited into the castle, and seems to evade all its interior mirrors and other reflective surfaces. So, the king or lord of the castle suspects her, and puts garlic into her room while she's asleep. In the morning, she complains of allergies/poisoning. By the end, the castle's lord/king finds that she's a vampire, and stakes her.

The Emperor's New Suit
 This story is one of my childhood favorites, but I'm at a loss for how to tweak it for the fantasy genre. Maybe the suit itself is real, like a magic item, and gets into the hands of someone besides the emperor? The trickster characters who create the suit would be central to the story.

The Brave Tin Soldier
 Since this story has so much adventure, it begs to be extended. One thing I don't like about it is how the characters are toys, so they're totally vulnerable and dependent on fate to move them around since they can't move themselves. In a sci-fi rewrite, the tin soldier could be changed to a robot. Maybe a toy or cleaning robot--something mundane. He could fall in love with a mannequin, maybe who is damaged or missing a part where the robot is, too.

The Wicked Prince
This story I have never read before, or heard of at all, but I love it! The idea of fighting an angel in an airship is epic. In a rewrite, the prince (or princess) would be the same as the original, personality-wise: ambitious and selfish. He wants to destroy God because he thinks he's powerful enough. Also, he has a flair for the dramatic, and a flying ship that can shoot hundreds of guns at once. In a fantasy setting, as mentioned, this ship would be an airship (or spaceship, if sci-fi). I'd want to keep the angel as the final antagonist--but maybe it would be a really Old Testament angel, with a number of wings and faces and eyes where they shouldn't be.

The Little Match-Seller
This is the only story I don't think I could genre-bend effectively. It seems like changing any of the story elements would just undermine the message. It works because of its simplicity. Sad potatoes.

Source: Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales and Stories
Image: Max Pixel: Mannequin

Thursday, April 20, 2017

Week 13 Story Planning: Diomedes

I didn't expect to read Diomedes' name among those Dante placed in the Inferno, especially for fraud. I'd like to write a story about how he got there, why he's still there, and what he's planning to do about it.

Diomedes is one of the most badass Greek heroes around. Notable especially in this context is the fact that he fought gods, especially Ares and Aphrodite, and was a favorite of Athena. He had impenetrable armor crafted by Hephaestus, and a shield and helmet enchanted by Athena, the latter of which he could then use to blast flames at anyone unfortunate enough to fight him.

"He fights with fury and fills men's souls with panic.  I hold him mightiest of them all; we did not fear even their great champion Achilles, son of an immortal though he be, as we do this man:  his rage is beyond all bounds, and there is none can vie with him in prowess."

So ultimately, I don't believe Diomedes would be sitting around in the eighth circle of the Inferno without choosing to be there, and I would like to explore that. 

Part 1
  • Diomedes arrives in Circle 8: Fraud, finds Odysseus, and recounts his journey from Elysium and into the Inferno up to that point. 
  • D was hanging out in Elysium with his old friends and ex-enemies, fellow heroes and famous good guys from other Greek legends. After a few thousand years, he's bored with the perfect nature of Elysium and itching to go exploring and waging war again. Coincidentally, a messenger shows up at that time with a message: Satan has a claim on your soul, and you're due to be punished for your crimes in the Inferno. D agrees to go along because he sees it as a change for excitement and adventure, and possibly getting back to Earth. He's also curious about those crimes. 
  • Recount continued: D arrives on Charon's boat. Minos judges him and sends him to the eighth circle, but doesn't say what the circle's theme or punishment is. On the way, D notably walks through Circle 2: Lust. There, he sees Aphrodite being punished and made an example of for the other sinners there. He also sees Cerberus in the third circle, and Ares in the seventh.
  • Back in the present, D wonders why he's been put in the circle of Fraud. He's not too affected by the punishment there, since he's used to being around shooting flames and fireballs. Odysseus explains their shared crimes as "Counselors of Fraud": the theft of the Palladium, persuading Achilles to sail for Troy and therefore causing Deidamia to die of grief, and the stratagem of the Trojan Horse. 
  • D figures he's spent enough time here, and decides he'd like to head back up to Earth to see how his former kingdom is doing. Odysseus warns him of the Inferno's enforcers and how, even if he did escape, he'd be relentlessly pursued. Diomedes decides the only way to stop this is to atone for his three crimes. 
Part 2
  • Diomedes' first crime, the theft of the Palladium, has already been atoned for since he returned in life. 
  • The second crime he atones for by clawing his way back up to Circle 2: Lust. On the way, he grabs Cerberus and sets him loose in the Circle 2 to make his job easier. He finds Deidamia and rescues her. He also helps Aphrodite out, who returns the favor by telling him Athena, D's favorite goddess, is in Circle 6: Heresy. 
  • The third crime, the Trojan Horse, is trickiest. D decides the Trojan Horse represented strategical warfare a la Athena. So of course, he has to go fight Athena. 
  • He either does that and wins, and escapes in the aftermath, or decides to take Athena to the ninth circle so they can both deal with Satan together.


Tony Kline: Dante's Divine Comedy
Badass of the Week: Diomedes
Wikipedia: Diomedes
Wikimedia Commons: Diomedes

Tuesday, April 18, 2017

Reading Notes: Dante's Inferno, Part B

It would be difficult to write something that could encapsulate everything the Inferno offers its readers. And there are already a ton of adaptations, but aside from translations, these are complete works in themselves. 

It would be hard to write one self-contained story, unless it were something like the story of Paolo and Franchesca. Still, it wouldn't be complete with out the complete context of Dante's whole Inferno. What to write that could fit under 1k words?

I like the idea of writing a multi-chapter short story about someone who is traveling through a place like the Inferno, but an adaption of it. Since the Inferno is an allegory, I think it would be cool to write a story to re-purpose the allegory. So, maybe it's not religious in nature, but still illustrates the consequences of various sins by way of punishing them as either a natural consequence or committing those sins (like how Dante's diviners can only see behind them as a result of trying to discern the future), or via some kind of punishing device (like the three humans in the devils' three jaws). The setting could be somewhere on earth, like a city where crimes against human rights run rampant--like, a city of rain to contrast the fires of hell, or a city of cold fire.

I think this should be less religious and more based on human rights so it can be more general. Back in Dante's day, 99% of his readership would have subscribed to the same religion as him, but today there's much more discussion of human rights and happiness and laws in a secular sense. Not all of Dante's circles would fit in this context, but some would. Here are a few:

Limbo, the first circle, "contains the unbaptized and the virtuous pagans, who, although not sinful, did not accept Christ... After those who refused choice come those without opportunity of choice." Maybe one way to translate this would be those people who witnessed crimes against humanity but didn't take action against them?

Heresy, the sixth circle, condemns its sinners to "eternity in flaming tombs." This would be the most difficult to adapt, since heresy is religious by definition. But there's also this: "any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs, customs, etc." So, maybe, going against the norm in a harmful way? Or in a way that provokes additional consequences? You have things like not paying taxes, which isn't always considered morally terrible, but definitely has its consequences. But what about something taboo that doesn't fit into any of these other categories? It would be like pouring the milk before the cereal--but actually, you know, serious.

The other circles--lust, gluttony, greed, wrath, violence, fraud, and treachery--are self-explanatory.

I don't think I'd be able to write this in under 1k words, so this post will be part of my future writing wishlist. Ideally, it would be in a journal or epistolary format.




Sources:
Tony Kline: Dante's Divine Comedy
Wikipedia: The Inferno
History Lists: The 9 Circles of Hell
Dictionary.com: Heresy

Image: Pixabay: Journal

Friday, April 14, 2017

Reading Notes: Dante's Inferno, Part A

In high school, I wrote a ten-page paper over one of the Inferno's various allegories. To be honest, I can barely remember the specifics of what I wrote about, besides that it centered around Virgil.

File:Dantes Inferno - Levels of Hell.svgI do remember, however, that when I wrote that paper, the video game adaptation of the Inferno had just come out. I had done a bit of my own research over the game, only to conclude that it was quite a bit different from the text. This seems to happen a lot, especially to the Inferno. It seems to be a popular text for game developers to reference, too, interestingly. The video game "Dante's Inferno" is the most on-the-nose, even though the story is different. The game's plot features Dante, who is a sinner searching for repentance, journeying into Hell to rescue his love Beatrice, as she has been captured by the Devil. In reality, Beatrice doesn't appear in the Inferno at all, and is only mentioned. In real life (as far as I can remember from high school, anyway) Beatrice and Dante were decidedly not lovers. Instead, Dante was a little obsessed with Beatrice, and wrote about her constantly. Their relationship sounds a little more like a stalker-thriller than a love story.

Regardless of all that, the game stays faithful in the game's environment, which is definitely where the game potential always lied. Dante's descriptions have spawned dozens of paintings and sculptures, so it follows that the next adaptation would be highly visual, too. And in a video game, players can explore the nine themed layers of hell. As far as I can tell, the level design is fairly close to the text's descriptions. For example, the final few hours of game play take place in an icy ninth circle of hell alongside the Devil.

I could go on, because I legitimately think video games are one of the coolest mediums to adapt the Inferno to varying degrees. They're all about exploration, world building, and visuals. There's a much longer list of games that have referenced the Inferno without outright adapting it; to name a few--Devil May Cry, Bayonetta, Castlevania, Fallout, Resident Evil, all of which are popular/successful franchises.

Basically, I'm all about video games as storytelling mediums, and it's so cool how a work as old as the Inferno can be adapted to such a new form of media.

Sources:
Tony Kline: Dante's Divine Comedy

Wikipedia: The Divine Comedy in Popular Culture
TvTropes: Word of Dante

Image: Wikimedia Commons: Levels of Hell

Tuesday, April 11, 2017

Reading Notes: Britomart, Part B

One of the most interesting things about Arthurian lit for me is the multitude of magic items. I considered writing a post like this for the King Arthur unit, but decided on other things. This post will focus on three major magic items in Britomart's story: the magic mirror, Britomart's spear, and the golden girdle.

The mirror spurs Britomart into beginning her quest. The mirror itself was enchanted by Merlin, and by description sounds more like a large crystal ball. It's round and hollow, like "a great globe of glass." The mirror has the power to show any person looking into it anything the looker wants to see; the power "of showing perfectly whatever thing the world contained, between heaven and earth, provided it had to do with the person who looked into it. Whatever a foe had done, or a friend had feigned, was revealed in this mirror, and it was impossible to keep anything secret from it." Knowing this, Britomart looks into the mirror and deliberately wishes to see the person who she would marry some day. The mirror, of course, shows her Sir Artegall, and, immediately falling in love, she sets out to find him.

The spear is Britomart's weapon of choice. Sir Guyon encounters it within the first few paragraphs of the reading. When he rides towards Britomart to joust her off her horse, he's thrown to the ground instead because of the spear. The narration assures us that, despite his shame, "it was no fault of his own... the spear that brought him to the ground was enchanted, and no one could resist it."

The golden girdle is the prize given for the tournament in the second part of the reading--sort of, because it's supposed to be given to the most beautiful lady. I'm not sure how this works. If I understand correctly, the girdle chooses the most beautiful lady, while the knights compete for the hand of the lady who is chosen, and who is thus the most beautiful. It's not just a prize, it's a magic item which gives "the gift of constant and loyal love to all who wore it, but whosoever was false and fickle could never keep it on, for it would loosen itself, or else tear asunder." Personally, I like the idea that the girdle is like Thor's hammer or Excalibur--it's sentient, and chooses its master.

Source: Mary Macleod: Stories from the Faerie Queene
Image: Public Domain Pictures: Crystal Ball 

Monday, April 10, 2017

Reading Notes: Britomart, Part A

After finishing the first reading from this set, I'm very interested in knowing more about the The Faerie Queen. This post will mostly consist of background I found while reading about the work as a while, and then thoughts on the reading specifically.

The poem follows several knights who represent different virtues. In this way, the work is allegorical, as poet Edmund Spenser intended. He states the work is "enwrapped in allegorical devices" and aims to "fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline." Britomart is the protagonist of Book 3, and represents chastity. She also meets Book 1 protagonist, the Redcross Knight, who represents holiness, Book 2 protagonist Guyon, representing temperance, Artegal, representing justice, and Arthur, representing "magnificence, the perfection of all virtues."

File:Walter Crane - Britomart (1900).jpg
Walter Crane's Britomart from Wikimedia Commons
It may be cliche, but my favorite thing about this work is the inclusion of a female knight as a main character. This is ridiculously rare as far as I can tell in Arthurian literature, given the number of knights overall. It's not just the fact that she's female--it's the idea that her presence complicates the idea of chivalry on which knighthood is built in these works, not to mention the ideal relationship between knights and ladies. The text is aware of this, saying: "Through all ages it has been the custom that the prize of Beauty has been joined with the praise of arms and Chivalry. And there are special reasons for this, for each relies much on the other: that Knight who can best defend a fair Lady from harm is surely the most fitting to serve her, and that Lady who is fairest and who will never swerve from her faith is the most fitting to deserve his service."

Also of note is the fact that Britomart's name (as Britomartis) is recycled from a Minoan and Greek goddess of mountains and hunting. In Greek, she was a mountain nymph associated with Artemis. In Crete, she was known as a mother of mountains associated with gorgons, "double-axes of power," and snakes. She must have been a fearsome and dangerous figure, but this aspect of her character was also softened by her status as a "good virgin" goddess. This carries through into The Faerie Queene in that she is a figure of chastity and virtue, but also one of honor and power. Her name carries extra meaning as well, in that "Brit" denotes "Briton" and "Martis" could mean "of Mars," the Roman god of war.

Sources:
Mary Macleod: Stories from the Faerie Queene
Wikipedia: The Faerie Queene
Wikipedia: Britomartis

Portfolio Guide

Each story in this portfolio is a reversal of a well-known myth or legend. Instead of being retold, these stories end differently. Enjoy!

Persephone Captures Hades
Instead of Hades' heart, Eros pierces Persephone's heart with his love arrow. What follows is Persephone's desire to capture Hades and hold him captive on earth.

Kushinada Tames the Serpent
Instead of letting Susanoo kill the serpent who ate her seven sisters, Kushinada decides to do it herself.

Uko and the Sun
Instead of being won in a marriage competition, Uko befriends a young boy who turns out to be the sun incarnate.

Nimue Seizes Excalibur
Instead of granting Arthur the legendary sword Excalibur, the Lady of the Lake demands Merlin as a sacrifice instead.

Week 12 Storytelling: Nimue Seizes Excalibur


In marble walls as white as milk,

Lined with skin as soft as silk,

Within a fountain crystal clear,

A golden apple doth appear;

No doors there are to this stronghold,

Yet thieves break in and steal the gold.


Nimue lifted her eyes from the book of riddles and looked at Merlin expectantly.

“What?” he asked.

“Well, guess the answer.”

He sighed, resting his chin on hands clasped together. The pair lounged by the low outer wall bordering Merlin’s hometown of Carmarthen. Merlin’s back rested against the brown cobblestone while Nimue lay across the top, the breeze carrying her loose hair just far enough to tickle Merlin’s ear every few minutes. A book lay on her chest, which she lifted periodically to read aloud from.

Merlin jiggled his leg for a minute, staring off into the distance.

Finally, Nimue pushed herself up to sit. “What’s wrong?”

“I’m just thinking.”

“You’re not thinking about the riddle, are you? You would’ve guessed it already.”

Merlin half-shrugged.

“Did you have another vision?” Nimue slipped down to sit beside him. Her book, forgotten, fell over the other side of the wall with a dull thud. “What was it about?”

“My death.”

“Oh.” That was so much more serious than his regular visions of meeting knights and finding treasure. “What are you going to do?”

“I think I know something I can do to keep myself alive for now. But I just don’t want to do it.”

“I can help. Just tell me what to do.”

“Okay, I’ll think about it. Do you still have that old sword we found by the river?”

“Sure. I’ve been polishing it.”

“Bring it to the lake down east of here.” He paused. “An egg.”

“Huh?”

“That’s the answer to the riddle. An egg.”

~

The chill of winter had long since set in, but Arthur’s own court in Camelot was not so deeply frozen as this glade.

“Has it always been this way?” Arthur asked Merlin, holding his arm in front of his face to block the sharp wind as the pair dismounted their horses and approached the lake’s edge.

“Not as long as I remember,” Merlin answered.

The flowers that, Merlin recollected, had been on all sides of the lake were now long buried under a frozen white sheet. The long grass that had swayed at the water’s lapping edge was now whipped by the blizzard that swirled around them. The lake that stretched out before Merlin and Arthur was the same one Merlin had come to forty years ago with Nimue—he could see its same shape, how it was framed by the same trees, but now their barren branches were spindly and crippled by ice. Frozen over by cobalt-blue ice, the lake’s surface was marbled with arctic white. A single shape jutted up from the ice: the sword Nimue and Merlin had enchanted together. Excalibur.

“That’s the sword you promised?”

Merlin nodded, swallowing dread. If only he hadn’t made that promise to Arthur’s father when the boy had been born. “Mind what I told you about what’s under the ice.”

The pair bravely made their way across the crackling surface of the lake, but Merlin hung back as Arthur’s bare hands closed around Excalibur’s silver hilt.

This sword was not as easily dislodged as the sword in the stone had been. This sword was embedded into the ice as though there were some force underneath keeping it there. Arthur stood on the ice for minutes. The young king’s determined growls grew in volume until Merlin couldn’t discern whether it was the ice rumbling and crackling, or Arthur himself. Finally, with one final pull, he wrenched the blade free.

To Merlin’s horror, the blade was not the only thing liberated from the ice. Shocked, Arthur let go of Excalibur’s hilt and stumbled backwards, barely catching himself on the slippery ice.

Attached was a black, frostbitten hand clamped around the frosty blade like a vice. From a rupturing crack in the ice rose the form of a woman, frostbite staining her arms and feet. Her frayed dress whipped around her ankles like a snowstorm, and then suddenly the wind died down.

“My Lady of the Lake!” Arthur called. His voice echoed in the still air. “I pray you tell me who owns this sword. I wish her permission to take it.”

Her eyes remained closed, but Merlin recognized her. She hadn’t changed, hadn’t aged a day since he had sealed her into the lake with that old sword now imbued with magic. “The sword belongs to me,” she answered, “and I will give it to you, if you grant me something in return.”

“By my faith, whatever you ask,” Arthur answered.

“I want the blood of the man who betrayed me. Merlin.”

Arthur’s eyes widened, then narrowed. “Merlin is one of my dearest friends! You’ll never have him as long as I—”

Merlin put his hand on Arthur’s shoulder. “My boy, you don’t stand a chance. Let me go. I’ll get you the sword.”

As he approached, she watched him with frigid poise. The only thing about her that marred the memory of his childhood friend was the black frostbite that covered her like a shadow.

“You must have known time would bring you back to me,” she said.

He nodded, humbled. “A little more time was all I needed. I saw it in that vision—you would have been the death of me.”

As she let the sword fall, Nimue wrapped her arms around Merlin and whispered, “We will see who escapes death this time.”

And she pulled him under the ice, where it crackled and sealed itself shut, locking them both under the frozen lake once more.



Author's note:

In the original story, the Lady of the Lake gives Excalibur to Arthur and Merlin in exchange for a favor, but doesn't tell him what she wants yet. Later on, she ends up learning a sealing spell from Merlin and uses it to seal him away.

 I knew I wanted to write a story about the Lady of the Lake, but wasn't sure what her role should be. She's usually a force for good in other Arthurian works, so I thought it would be interesting to make her a villain. I drew on a few other stories where Nimue causes Merlin's death, but wanted to make it much more deliberate.

I want to take a week or two to revise the story and make the following changes: add a scene where Merlin and Nimue enchant the sword, or perhaps forge it; give young Merlin more time to agonize over the decision of sealing Nimue away to prevent his death; provide a reason for Arthur to need the sword, and thus a reason for Merlin to sacrifice himself; re-read the source stories to make this story a more proper and specific reversal.

Sources:

Image:

Thursday, April 6, 2017

Week 11 Story Planning: Nimue Takes Excalibur

A story about the Lady of the Lake's plot to kill Merlin, but even as the antagonist, she is still clever, strong-willed, and sympathetic. Also, she should wield Excalibur at least once.

From The Sword Excalibur

In a little while they came to a large lake, and in the midst of the lake Arthur beheld an arm rising out of the water, holding up a sword.

"Look!" said Merlin, "that is the sword I spoke of." And the King looked again, and a maiden stood upon the water.

"That is the Lady of the Lake," said Merlin, "and she is coming to you, and if you ask her courteously she will give you the sword."

So when the maiden drew near Arthur saluted her and said, "Maiden, I pray you tell me whose sword is that which an arm is holding out of the water? I wish it were mine, for I have lost my sword."

"That sword is mine, King Arthur," answered she, "and I will give it to you, if you in return will give me a gift when I ask you."

"By my faith," said the King, "I will give you whatever gift you ask."

"Well," said the maiden, "get into the barge yonder, and row yourself to the sword, and take it and the scabbard with you." For this was the sword Excalibur. "As for my gift, I will ask it in my own time."


From The Passing of Merlin

[A knight] brought a damsel of the lake to Arthur's Court, and when Merlin saw her he fell in love with her, so that he desired to be always in her company.

The damsel laughed in secret at Merlin but made use of him to tell her all she would know, and the wizard had no strength to say her nay, though he knew what would come of it. For he told King Arthur that before long he should be put into the earth alive, for all his cunning. He likewise told the King many things that should befall him, and warned him always to keep the scabbard as well as the sword Excalibur, and foretold that both sword and scabbard should be stolen from him by a woman whom he most trusted.

"You will miss my counsel sorely," added Merlin, "and would give all your lands to have me back again."

"But since you know what will happen," said the King, "you may surely guard against it."

"No," answered Merlin, "that will not be." So he departed from the King, and the maiden followed him, whom some call Nimue and others Vivien, and wherever she went, Merlin went also.

They journeyed together to many places, both at home and across the seas, and the damsel was wearied of him, and sought by every means to be rid of him, but he would not be shaken off.

At last these two wandered back to Cornwall, and one day Merlin showed Vivien a rock under which he said great marvels were hidden. Then Vivien put forth all her Powers and told Merlin how she longed to see the wonders beneath the stone, and, in spite of all his wisdom, Merlin listened to her and crept under the rock to bring forth the strange things that lay there. And when he was under the stone, she used the magic he had taught her, and the rock rolled over him and buried him alive, as he had told King Arthur.

But the damsel departed with joy, and thought no more of him — now that she knew all the magic he could teach her. 


From Idylls of the King:

One of the most famous and important men in Camelot was Merlin, the great magician, astronomer, engineer, architect, and bard, whose friendship and wise advice were valuable assets to Arthur. Vivien made a concerted effort to gain the old man's favor. She eventually succeeded, for though he did not like her, he was amused by her feline mannerisms and complimented by her attentions. Vivien even claimed to be in love with him. Merlin was too wise to believe her, but he was old and lonely and sometimes his certainty would weaken.
 

A time came when Merlin fell into a state of deep depression. He wandered alone on the beach and then drifted off in a small boat that he found, but Vivien followed and joined him. At first he was unaware of her presence; then he pretended to ignore her. Finally they came ashore in Brittany and continued to wander until they reached the forest of Broceliande. Vivien had gone to all this effort because she recalled that Merlin had once mentioned a potent magic charm he knew. Through this spell a man could be made as if imprisoned in an impregnable tower and would be invisible to all the world except the one who worked the charm. Vivien now sought to learn this secret and use it on Merlin, which is how the two came to be resting together in the forest.

As they recline beneath the tree, Vivien caresses and kisses Merlin's feet and beard and chatters to him of her love and devotion. Merlin is delighted by her talk, but does not believe even a part of it. Nonetheless, since he owes her a boon, he promises to grant her wish. Vivien asks to be taught the secret charm as an expression of his trust in her and proof that he returns her love, but Merlin refuses. In addition, he berates himself for ever having revealed the existence of the secret to her. He justifies his refusal by his fears that she would misuse the charm and offers her anything else she desires.

Then, in one moment, she put forth the charm
Of woven paces and of waving hands,
And in the hollow oak he lay as dead,
And lost to life and use and name and fame.
Then crying, "I have made his glory mine,"
And shrieking out, "O fool!" the harlot leapt
Adown the forest, and the thicket closed
Behind her, and the forest echo'd "fool."


From Wikipedia:

Lady of the Lake is the name of the ruler of Avalon in the Arthurian legend. She plays a pivotal role in many stories, including giving King Arthur his sword Excalibur [and] enchanting Merlin.

The Lancelot-Grail Cycle provides a backstory for the Lady of the Lake, Viviane, in the prose Merlin section, which takes place before the Lancelot Proper, though it was written later. She refuses to give him her love until he has taught her all his secrets, after which she uses her power to trap him either in the trunk of a tree or beneath a stone, depending on the story and author. Though Merlin, through his power of foresight knows beforehand that this will happen, he is unable to counteract Viviane because of the "truth" this ability of foresight holds. He decides to do nothing for his situation other than to continue to teach her his secrets until she takes the opportunity to entrap and entomb him in a tree, a stone or a cave.


Crack from Max Pixel

Scene progression:
  1. Merlin foresees his own death and the person who will kill him: Nimue, future Lady of the Lake, and a woman he's close with. To keep himself alive, he seals her under a lake with a magic sword.
  2. Years later, Merlin and Arthur appear at the Lady's now-frozen lake. By taking Excalibur, the magic sword, she is unsealed. She gives up Excalibur, to Merlin's surprise and asks Arthur for a favor in return.
  3. Nimue seeks out Merlin's approval and makes him believe she forgives and still loves him, but ultimately tricks him and seals him back into the lake with Excalibur, which she got back from Arthur via the favor.
Sources:
Andrew Lang: The Sword Excalibur
Andrew Lang: The Passing of Merlin
Cliffsnotes: Merlin and Vivien
Wikipedia: The Lady of the Lake

Tuesday, April 4, 2017

Reading Notes: King Arthur, Part B

Here's a list of major Arthurian knights and characters connected to Arthur. As I worked through this reading, it was a little harder to keep track of the influences on the stories and relationships between characters. The notes are taken both from Wikipedia and information I already know about the characters.

King Arthur provides a framing device: the legendary king so noble and lawful good that he attracts the land's most talented and morally upstanding nights--but not more morally upstanding than him. Arthur is best known as a character and pseudo-historical figure in tales where he is an Excalibur-wielding king of Britain. According to most stories, he is born via the rape of a noblewoman by Uther Pendragon, and dies at the hand of his sometimes-nephew, sometimes-accidentally-concieved-by-incest son Mordred. Stories involving King Arthur tend to focus less on the king himself and more on the knights.

File:How Mordred was Slain by Arthur.jpg
Guinevere is Arthur's wife, who usually has an adulterous relationship with chief knight Lancelot on the side, but in earlier works tends to be forgiven for it. Arthur's round table was a gift from her father, King Leodegrance. She has been portrayed as "everything from a weak and opportunistic traitor to a fatally flawed but noble and virtuous gentlewoman." Sometimes she is intelligent, friendly, and graceful; other times, she's a vindictive and weak-minded opportunist.

Mordred is Arthur's would-be usurper, sometimes Arthur's illegitimate son with his half-sister Morgause, sometimes with Morgan le Fay. In some literature, he's instead the son of King Lot, brother to Gawain, Agravain, and Gareth, two of whom are Arthurian knights with their own stories. He and Arthur kill each other in combat.

Now the knights:

Lancelot is Arthur's favorite knight, known to be the best earthly knight on earth. His legendarily adulterous love for Guinevere characterizes him as fatally flawed, but in many works, this love is what gives him so much strength. It also makes him a very bitter person.

Gawain is the James Bond of the round table, as he always stops for a lady in need. However, this happens to be because he once killed a lady by accident when dueling with her husband. As a result, he is honor-bound to always help a lady who is in distress.

Galahad is Lancelot's son, and considered the purest and most noble knight there is. He's one of three knights who achieves the Grail.

Percival is a younger and more naive knight, a welshman who learned to be a knight despite growing up in the woods with only his mother. His tale in Chretien de Troyes' Arthurian romance is the origin of the Grail quest.

Tristan has roots as a character before Arthurian myth, but his main story is his love for Isolde, who his uncle marries. That relationship is sometimes used as a parallel to the Arthur-Guinevere-Lancelot love triangle, but Tristan's story is more one-sided because his love with Isolde is considered more justified. His uncle is also a huge jerk who marries Isolde partially just to make Tristan miserable.

Yvain or Ywain is a lesser-known knight whose quest involves killing a lady's husband, falling in love with her, marrying her, breaking a promise to her and then becoming a hermit and going crazy as a result. He gets better, and also finds highly symbolic companionship in a wild lion.

Kay is Arthur's adopted brother and seneschal, and very antagonistic towards the other knights. To my knowledge, he has no tales of his own, but has adventures in other knights' stories. He's great because nobody really likes him all that much, and sometimes knights like Yvain end up taking on big adventures just to avoid being taunted constantly by Kay.

Sources:
King Arthur: Tales of the Round Table by Andrew Lang
Wikipedia: King Arthur
Wikipedia: Guinevere
Wikipedia: Mordred

Image:
How Mordred Was Slain by Arthur via Wikimedia Commons

Monday, April 3, 2017

Reading Notes: King Arthur, Part A

I have been looking forward to this unit for a long time. I'm taking a class over Arthurian Literature this semester, so I've read a lot of these stories already. In Part A, they all seem to be adapted from Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, so I may use background information from Malory's stories in my notes.

One day, I'd really love to try re-writing a few Arthurian stories in my own style, especially those surrounding Merlin's birth and childhood, the Lady of the Lake, Lancelot, Gawain, Enide, or Balin. This set of stories features the Lady of the Lake a few times, so I may write a story about her. Supposedly, she has a handful of different names, including Nimue, Viviane, Vivien, Elaine, Ninianne, Nivian, Nyneve, and Evienne. This is because of the way her name was written in middle English, where the figurative hills and valleys of specific cursive letters would mimic each other. For example, an N could look like "Vi" and "mu" could look like "ine." I'll refer to her as Nimue.

File:The Lady of the Lake by Speed Lancelot.jpg
The Lady of the Lake from Wikimedia Commons
I love the scene in The Sword Excalibur where Arthur and Merlin approach the lake in hopes of finding the sword. The Lady of the Lake appears to them and agrees to give Arthur the sword in exchange for a favor. Once she disappears, Merlin points out that the sword is valuable, but not as much so as the scabbard, which magically keeps Arthur from bleeding out as long as he has it on his person, no matter how much he's wounded. I like the idea that the sword and scabbard have  to be together in a set, otherwise they don't work.

Many depictions of this scene are set in spring and summer, with flowers and long green grass sprouting at the edge of the lake, but what if it were set in winter? The surface of the lake would be frozen over, with a single frostbitten arm sticking up from the middle of the water clutching a frosty sword. Arthur and Merlin would have to bravely creep out onto the frozen surface to retrieve Excalibur.

Nimue also appears in The Passing of Merlin, where she is responsible for his death, which really complicates her character. In the story, it seems to be because Merlin had an irritating crush on her and wouldn't leave her alone.

I'm interested in writing a story where the Lady of the Lake becomes an antagonist. I have a lot of stories so far with female main characters, but none I can think of with a female villain. This would be an excellent reversal because the Lady of the Lake is so often depicted as a force of good. In Malory's work, however, she is actually part of a cycle of revenge that kicks off Balin's story. Maybe I could write a story revolving around her plot to kill Merlin. She could wield Excalibur, too.

I'd like to preserve Malory's characterization of her, too. She's pragmatic, knowledgeable, clever, strong-willed, and unflinching. My goal would be to make her a sympathetic antagonist.

Sources:
King Arthur: Tales of the Round Table by Andrew Lang
Wikipedia: Lady of the Lake

Thursday, March 30, 2017

Week 10 Storytelling: The Raven's Path


A raven’s call startled him awake. Confusingly, he stared up at cold, open sky. It wasn’t until he tried to sit up that he realized he was in a box. His bare feet bumped its thin wooden sides as he climbed out, and landed in chilled, wet grass.

As he stretched out his unusually stiff limbs, he looked around. A single trail on a flat plain stretched out to the horizon on both sides of him. He couldn’t remember anything—why he had fallen asleep here, where he had been going, or most importantly, where his shoes were.

The raven cawed again, and he jumped. He looked around for a moment before he found the source—a sleek, black bird with cobalt undertones in its iridescent feathers. It hopped close enough to latch onto the side of the box and tilted its head to stare at him with one dark eye. Suddenly unnerved, the man felt inclined to walk in the opposite direction. He started down the path, hoping to find civilization somewhere close. The raven’s raspy call echoed after him.

No matter how many steps he took, how many hours passed as he walked, the sun never rose. The sky only darkened from day, to dusk, to twilight.

Then, at last, dawn broke, and for a moment the cloudy sky cleared. The path ended at the edge of a broad white lake. A village sprawled out on the other side in the distance. Houses dotted the shoreline and a single black canoe drifted over the lake’s mirror-like surface.

He cupped his hands around his mouth and called, “Hey! Excuse me!”

No answer.

“Is anyone there?”

Nobody seemed to hear him. Irate, he walked about, fidgeting with his hands. He could skirt the lake, but it would take hours, and he was impatient to know where he was and what he was doing there. He knew if he could get there, he could get help.

A raven’s call interrupted him again. He looked behind him and saw the raven from before approaching from the distance. It cried out as it flew past him, so low he felt the wind from its wings ruffle his hair. He watched as it soared over the lake towards the distant village. Blinking, he also realized at once that the black canoe had drifted much closer to him. He waded out into the clear water, knee-deep, to grab hold of it.

He climbed in. The morning sun disappeared behind low clouds.

The raven circled high above him as he made his way across the lake. As he drew closer, he realized something: not a single person could be seen there.

When he arrived to the other shore, the silence was deafening. He found footprints in the marshy loam near the water near where he had seen the canoe upon arriving, like someone had been pacing the shore and pushed the boat out onto the water for him. Walking through the village, he saw storefronts and homes. One house had a wood stump in its yard with a pile of chopped wood in a pile on one side, and unchopped on the other. An axe laid flat on the stump, like someone had abandoned the project halfway through.

“Hello?” he called out. There was no answer, but for a moment, there was a sound like rustling whispers.

He began to look inside windows and found more and more evidence of people, but no evidence of where they had gone. Eventually, he came to a long, cafeteria-like building with the doors standing open. Inside, a variety of food lined every table, fresh and steaming: salmon and halibut, wild berries, goat cheese, seal, and venison, all seasoned with every spice imaginable. He couldn’t imagine such a feast would be abandoned by the entire village.

This would be a good place to wait, he decided. After all, nobody would notice if he took just a few bites. Curiously, he hadn’t been hungry, but the food looked so good he couldn’t resist tasting it.

As he ate, the whispers grew louder. His senses sharpened. He tasted notes of warmness and bitterness in the spices he hadn’t noticed before. He smelled wood and the murky fog of haze hanging from the clouds overhead. He heard the bustle return—dogs barking, the dull hum of conversation outside, footsteps scraping against grass and stone paths. Most of all, he began to see things. Vague shapes and outlines moving around him. He kept eating until they became ghostly shades of humans inside the cabin, whispering to themselves and to him.

“You’ve returned.”

“Does he know? Does he see us?”

He slowed and stopped eating. They must have noticed him looking around at them. One woman approached around his age. She seemed so familiar, but he couldn’t place why. The raven perched on her shoulder, its tail feathers twitching with its rapid heartbeat.

“Do you remember me?” she asked.

“Remember you? I don’t understand. Who are you? What is this village?”

She was visibly upset for a moment, her brows drawing in and mouth pursing as though she wanted to say something, but couldn’t. “This is the Village of the Dead. Your home.”

He recoiled from the woman’s shade, bracing his arms against the table. “This isn’t my home! I have no memory of this place!”

“Every night, you venture out into the Ghost Lands. Every day, you return with your memory lost. Please,” she pleaded, “won’t you just stay this time?”

She reached a ghostly hand out to him, but he pulled back. Looking down at himself, he realized he, too, was becoming a shade.

“What are you saying? That I’m dead?” he said, his voice rising.

“You’re a spirit, like the rest of us. When you died, your spirit came to rest here, in the village.”

“No, that’s impossible. I’m not dead.”

“You are! I saw it happen—we died together! Why can’t you accept that? Why won’t you stay?” Angry tears collected in the woman’s eyes. The raven cawed and flapped its feathers at him.

He shook his head. He couldn’t believe it—not without proof. “Then where is my body?”

She sighed and smoothed down the raven’s feathers, collecting herself and squaring her shoulders in resignation. “It’s in the coffin box on the side of the trail.”

“I have to go see it. I need to know for sure.”

“You do this every time,” she said. “You leave and you forget and you return, because this is the only place you have to return to. And then you refuse to believe, so you leave again.”

He pushed through the spectral crowd to the door, speeding away.

The woman looked at the raven on her shoulder. “When he wakes up, lead him back again.”

It took off after him with a cry.

She sighed, wiping her eyes. “Maybe this will be the last time.”


Author's note:

This story is somewhat of a re-imagining of the Tlingit story “The Ghost Land” with some inspiration also taken from “The Land of the Dead.” I was pleasantly surprised to find what we would probably refer to as ghost stories in this collection, and I immediately knew I wanted to rewrite one of them.

In “The Ghost Land,” the main character sets out to find the village of spirits because he is grieving over his recently deceased wife. Walking on the "Death Trail," he eventually comes to a lake and calls to the village on the other side. He finds his wife there, who warns him not to eat any food the villagers there give him. She returns with him to their home village, but that night, when the husband goes to sleep, he passes away too, and they return to the ghost land together. In “The Land of the Dead,” the story begins with a woman dying and being put into a “grave box,” but she is then woken up by her deceased grandfather, who tells her she is not dead. I combined the two ideas to write a story about a man who is wandering with no memory of why he is there, and doesn’t realize he’s dead.

The biggest appeal of these two stories is that they are about a place. When I wrote this piece, I left out all reference of time, so it could be set in any era. Because, of course, places don’t evaporate with time. I also added the raven in reference to the other stories in the collection, for Raven, a trickster god common in Alaskan myth.

Sources:
The Ghost Land, from Myths and Legends of Alaska, edited by Katharine Berry Judson
The Land of the Dead, from Myths and Legends of Alaska, edited by Katharine Berry Judson
First Americans: Tlingit Food

Image:
Raven on Pixabay